Paunomira padivi pebhisikiti, kana kutarira mudenga kuti uone shiri ichibhururuka ichipfuura — wakambozvibvunza here kuti: hupenyu uhwu hwakajairika hwakamboonekwa huchitonga madinosaur? Ndiwo "mafossil mhenyu" ane nyika yedu, "vanhu" vechokwadi venguva yemadinosaur. Nhasi, ngatizivei "vavakidzani vemadinosaur" ava vakayambuka mazana emamiriyoni emakore uye vachiri kugara nesu.
Dzinza Rekare reMiti
MaCycad aive chinhu chikuru pane menyu yemadinosaur. Kwaakabva kunogona kuteverwa kudzokera kunguva yeDevonian, makore angangoita mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Mazhinji emafossil ecycad akawanikwa nhasi anotangira kuPermian, asi akasvika mukurumbira pasi rose panguva yeMesozoic, kubva kuTriassic kusvika kuCretaceous. Mashizha awo akaomarara, ane minhenga uye hunde dzawo dzakapfuma mustarch zvaipa simba rakawanda kumadinosaur mazhinji makuru anodya zvinomera. Muminda yemafossil edinosaur muChina yese - kusanganisira Zigong neGansu - masayendisiti anowanzowana mafossil emashizha ecycad akachengetedzwa pamwe chete netsoka dzemadinosaur nemapfupa.
Ginkgo inyanzvi muumambo hwezvirimwa — rudzi rwayo, kurongeka kwayo, mhuri yayo, uye rudzi rwayo zvine mhando imwe chete mhenyu: Ginkgo biloba, iri yega chaiyo. Ginkgo yakatanga kuonekwa makore angangoita mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mana nemashanu apfuura panguva yeCarboniferous uye yakanga yakapararira pasi rose munguva yeMesozoic. Mumafossil eEarly Cretaceous eJehol Biota akawanikwa muLiaoning Province, mashizha eginkgo akawanikwa akavigwa pamwe chete nemadinosaur ane minhenga neshiri dzekare. Kurarama kweginkgo kusvika nhasi kunokonzerwa nekutsungirira kwayo kunoshamisa: makemikari ari mumashizha ayo anodzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere, nepo chikamu chekunze chembeu dzayo chine zvinhu zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mukupera kwematsutso, mashizha iwayo egoridhe, akaita sefeni ikwaniso inotumirwa kumazana emamiriyoni emakore.
Metasequoia (dawn redwood), Sequoia (coast redwood), Sequoiadendron (giant sequoia), uye mhando dzakawanda dze cypress dzese dzine madzitateguru aimbokura pamwe chete nema dinosaur. MuPetrified Forest National Park inozivikanwa kumadokero kweUnited States, matanda makuru akakombama anotangira kuLate Triassic—nguva chaiyo apo ma dinosaur akatanga kukura. Miti mirefu iyi ndiyo yakaumba nzvimbo huru dzemasango kwaigara ma dinosaur. Kuwanikwa kweMetasequoia muHubei Province, China, muna 1941 kwaishamisa zvikuru—yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "zvisaririra zvipenyu" nekuti masayendisiti aitenda kuti yakatsakatika, inozivikanwa chete kubva muzvinyorwa zvezvisaririra.
Marudzi Ekare Eropa muUmambo hweMhuka
Makarwe emazuva ano, ngwena, uye magharial akafanana zvikuru muchimiro uye mararamiro nemadzitateguru avo eCretaceous. Semuenzaniso, Sarcosuchus ane mukurumbira akararama makore angangoita mamiriyoni zana negumi apfuura muAfrica, akasvika kureba kusvika mamita gumi nemaviri uye ari pamusoro pemhuka dzesango dzenguva yake. Nzira yavo yekuvhima mhuka dzinenge dziri mumvura, dzakavandira, yakaratidzwa kuva "dhizaini" yakabudirira zvikuru, yakapfuudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nekuchinja kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza. Mwoyo wengwena wakaomarara une makamuri mana uye maitiro akasiyana ekuchinja kwemuviri zvinhu zvakavabatsira kupona muchiitiko chekutsakatika kwevanhu vakawanda makore mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu apfuura.
Tuatara, inogara pazvitsuwa zvishoma zveNew Zealand, ndiyo yega inomiririra Rhynchocephalia. Boka iri raive rakasiyana-siyana panguva yeTriassic, richirarama pamwe chete nemadinosaur ekutanga. Mwero wekushanduka-shanduka kwetuatara wave uchinonoka zvikuru - chimiro chayo chedehenya uye "ziso rechitatu reparietal" (nhengo inoona chiedza) zvakafanana nemadzitateguru ayo ekare emakore mazana maviri emamiriyoni apfuura. Kudzidza tuatara kwakafanana nekutarisa nepahwindo mhenyu muzvisikwa zvekare zvenguva yemadinosaur.
Kunyangwe vachigara mugungwa, kuvapo kwegakanje rehorseshoe kunoshamisa. Ndeverudzi rweChelicerata, zvichiita kuti vave neukama hwepedyo nedandemutande nezvinyavada pane kuva gakanje chairo. Madzitateguru emagakanje ehorseshoe anotangira kuOrdovician, uye chimiro chegakanje rehorseshoe razvino chakagadzirwa makore angangoita mamiriyoni mazana maviri apfuura. Ropa ravo rebhuruu rakasiyana (rine maion emhangura) rinokosha zvikuru pakuongororwa kwechiremba. Kunyange zvazvo madinosaur aitonga nyika, madzitateguru emagakanje ehorseshoe aifamba-famba mumakungwa asina kudzika - uye achiri nechimiro chakafanana nanhasi.
"Dinosaur" idzi dzinopfuura zvishamiso. Idzi inhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka kwenyika. Muma genomes avo, mashandiro emuviri, uye mabasa ezvakatipoteredza ndimo mune makiyi ekunzwisisa nzira dzekugadzirisa hupenyu hwekare. Panguva imwe chete, vazhinji vavo vanotarisana nematambudziko emazuva ano akadai sekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Kudzidzivirira zvinoreva kuchengetedza hupenyu hwakasiyana, huchiri kuenderera mberi.
Nguva inotevera paunotevera mitsipa yeshizha reginkgo, kana kushamiswa nekutarisa kwekare kwengwena, yeuka — uri kubata ndangariro mhenyu inotenderera nguva yekutonga kwemadinosaur. Vari pano chaipo, vachigara nesu, vachitaura nyaya yekudzika kwenguva uye kutsungirira kwehupenyu.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-28-2026
